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We evaluated methodology for estimating total plant species richness in seasonally inundated depressional wetlands of the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem. Our objectives were to assess non-parametric estimators of plant species richness based on species incidence plot samples and to determine the minimum sampling requirement for accurate extrapolation of species richness. We quantified...
Understanding the nutritional quality of wildlife foods is important for management and conservation efforts. We report the gross energy and macronutrient content of 10 plant species consumed by endangered Hawaiian Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) along with gross energy and macronutrient content of three plant species not known to be consumed by moorhen. We also report the same information...
Bottom-up factors such as nutrient availability have long been thought to be the primary regulators of plant growth in salt marshes. However, that paradigm has been challenged by investigations showing that grazing by the periwinkle snailLittoraria irrorata regulatesSpartina alterniflora growth through top-down forces. Our investigation was conducted between November 2003 and March 2007 within the...
Low nutrient availability in salt marsh ecosystems can potentially limit primary productivity and subsequent carbon export to coastal waters. In temperate marshes with low external nitrogen inputs, nitrogen (N2) fixation may enhance availability of usable nitrogen to marsh plant communities and increase their growth. The effects of sub-surface soil amendment of polysaccharides on rhizosphere N2 fixation,...
Constructed farm ponds represent a major wetland habitat type in southeastern Minnesota. Farm ponds are subject to a variety of disturbances associated with agricultural land use, especially sedimentation and eutrophication. Chironomid community structure often reflects environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems. However, chironomid communities in farm ponds are poorly understood and their response...
We examined factors that influence the expansion of alder forests in a wetland isolated by dikes and drainage ditches in northern Japan. Using aerial photographs, airborne laser scanner data, and existing elevation data, we described the spatial distribution and heights of alder forest in 2002 and the spatial distribution in 1977. We also measured water level and water quality in 2002. The mean water...
With the recent Final Compensatory Mitigation Rule by the US Army Corps of Engineers and US Environmental Protection Agency, wetland mitigation banking has been designated as the preferred means of compensatory mitigation after avoidance and minimization of wetland impacts. Permits and supporting documents were reviewed and site visits conducted at 29 Florida wetland mitigation banks to assess their...
Typha x glauca (hybrid cattail) is an aggressive invader of wetlands in the upper Midwest, USA. There is widespread concern about declines in plant diversity followingTypha invasion. However, relatively little is known about howTypha alters habitat characteristics, i.e., its potential to act as an “ecosystem engineer”. Over five years, we measured physical, chemical, and plant community changes associated...
There has been an increasing interest in characterizing and mapping isolated depressional wetlands due to a 2001 U.S. Supreme Court decision that effectively removed their protected status. Our objective was to determine the utility of satellite remote sensing to accurately detect isolated wetlands. Image segmentation and object-oriented analysis were applied to Landsat-7 imagery from January and...
Baldcypress-water tupelo (cypress-tupelo) swamps are critically important coastal forested wetlands found throughout the southeastern U.S. The long-term survival and sustainability of these swamp forests is unknown due to large-scale changes in hydrologic regimes that prevent natural regeneration following logging or mortality. We used NWI wetland maps and remotely sensed hydrologic data to map cypress-tupelo...
Nutrient dynamics and seasonal vegetation growth were examined in a newly formed floating marsh dominated byPanicum virgatum in the Mississippi River delta. The floating marsh formed in a shallow aquatic environment receiving secondarily treated municipal effluent. Net Areal Primary Productivity (NAPP), total belowground biomass, NO3, and plant-tissue δ15N ratios varied significantly (P < 0.05)...
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is among the most frequently detected pesticides in the water-column of surface waters in Canada. Bottom sediments (0 to 15 cm) were collected in 41 wetlands across the prairie region of Canada and analyzed for organic carbon content (OC), pH, and texture. Using batch equilibrium experiments at 5 and 25°C, the herbicide sorption coefficient, Kd,...
California’s Tulare Lake Basin (TLB) is one of the most important waterbird areas in North America even though most wetlands there have been converted to cropland. To guide management programs promoting waterbird beneficial agriculture, which includes flooding fields between growing periods, we measured emergence rates of insects, an important waterbird food, in three crop types (tomato, wheat, alfalfa)...
Using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies, we analyzed changes in ecosystem boundary conditions in the Yellow River Delta. We investigated variations in soil water, bulk density, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter, as well as concentrations of soluble Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+, under different ecosystem conversions. Results indicated that from 1992 to 2006,...
We examined the relationship between water-table elevations and plant community distributions in a hydrologically restored riparian meadow. The meadow, adjacent to Bear Creek in northeastern California, experienced hydrologic modification due to “pond and plug” stream restoration. Plant species composition and cover were sampled within 128 plots, and a hydrologic model was used to simulate a three-year...
During 1999–2005, we studied aquatic invertebrate communities in 24 small, seasonally flooded wetlands (seasonal ponds) in aspen (Populus spp.)-dominated landscapes in north central Minnesota, USA. Sites were chosen from 2 different landforms, with 6, 6, and 12 wetlands selected from stands estimated to have been harvested 10–34 (young age), 35–58 (mid-age), and 59+ (old age) years before onset of...
After channellization of the Kissimmee River, the primary land use of the drained floodplain was cattle pasture but included sod farms. A project to restore the river began in 1999. One of its goals is to reestablish the three dominant, pre-channelization vegetation types (wetland shrub, broadleaf marsh, and wet prairie) in areas where they previously were found. We investigated whether indicator...
Road salt, a common pollutant in regions with snowy winters, enters roadside wetlands when temperatures are low and organisms are physiologically inactive and remains until flushed by snowmelt or rainfall. Flushing might not occur until spring temperatures rise and organisms are physiologically active. Thus, effects of road salt on aquatic organisms must be studied within the context of temperature...
Identifying sites meeting wetland hydrology requirements is simple when long-term (> 10 years) records are available. Because such data are rare, we hypothesized that a single-year of hydrology data could be used to reach the same conclusion as with long-term data, if the data were obtained during a period of normal or below normal rainfall. Long-term (40–45 years) water-table and rainfall data...
The loss of coastal wetlands throughout the Hawaiian Islands has increased the numbers of created (CW) and restored (RW) wetlands. An assessment of these wetlands has yet to occur, and it has not been determined whether CWs and RWs provide the same functions as natural wetlands (NWs). To address these concerns, vegetation and soil characteristics of 35 wetlands were compared within sites along hydrologic...
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